金融英語閱讀習題－金融英語在職研究生進修班 
在上一講中我們談的話題是：globalisation－經濟的全球化。
    澳大利亞墨爾本莫納什大學的市場學系主任菲茨羅伊教授介紹說，通訊和交通運輸費用的降低是促進經濟全球化進程的兩個因素。
    接下來菲茨羅伊教授介紹說，生產規(guī)模的擴大和顧客品味趨于一致也是推動經濟全球化的原因。他在談話中使用了這樣一些詞匯：
    1 economies of scale 規(guī)模經濟2 homogeneity 同種，同一3 cater to the need of 迎合……的需要4 barrier 障礙5 gatt 關稅及貿易總協(xié)定 general agreement on tariffs and trade 的縮寫6 world trade organisation 世界貿易組織，簡稱wto 7 trade liberalisation 貿易自由化
    現(xiàn)在我們聽一遍菲茨羅伊教授的這段談話：
    it is true in lots of industries, large plants can make goods much cheaper than small plants. and in some industries we can see a movement towards increasing economies of scale. in other words, the minimum size of plant or the most economic size of plant is getting larger and larger.
    another necessary condition for globalisation is the increasing homogeneity of consumer tastes. there are an increasing number of consumers in brazil; who have almost precisely the same set of needs and requirements as consumers in germany. so consequently it becomes easier for a producer to try to cater to the needs of both markets, because the market differences have now really diminished to a point where they virtually don't exist.
    another explanation for globalisation is the behaviour of governments. historically, there have been barriers to trade that have been put up by governments. particularly since the second world war, inter-government bodies such as the gatt and the world trade organisation have really encouraged governments to liberalise trade, which means to remove political barriers, so that trade liberalisation has been again an important necessary condition for globalisation.
    接下來我們分段聽一遍菲茨羅伊教授的談話和中文翻譯：（英文在職研究生）
    的確在很多行業(yè)中，大工廠能夠以比小工廠低得多的成本生產產品。在有些行業(yè)中我們可以看到“規(guī) 模 經 濟”不斷增加的趨勢。換句話說，就是工廠的最小規(guī)模或者說工廠的最經濟的規(guī)模變得越來越大。
    全球化的另一必要條件是顧客的品味日益趨于一致。在巴西有越來多的顧客，他們的需要和要求與德國顧客的幾乎完全一樣。這種趨勢使生產者能更容易地迎合兩個市場的需要，因為市場的差別現(xiàn)在實際上已縮小到幾乎不存在的程度。
    促進全球化的另一原因是政府的行為。歷史上各國政府曾設置貿易障礙。但是從二次大戰(zhàn)以來，各種政府間的組織如關稅及貿易總協(xié)定和世界貿易組織實際上一直鼓勵各國政府允許貿易自由化，也就是消除政治障礙。因此貿易自由化也是經濟全球化的一個必要的條件。